Standard Form or Scientific Notation

Many measurements involve very large numbers

 Example:  speed of light is 300000000 m/s.

This figures can easily b written as:

3.0 x 10⁸  (Correct to 2 significant figures)

This way of writing a numbers is called standard form or scientific notation.

Another example can be the wavelength of violet light which is 0.000038cm.

It can be written as:

3.8 x 10^-5 (Correct to 2 significant figure)

So a general rule for all figure in written in standard form or scientific notation is:

     A x 10ⁿ , Where 1≤ A ≤ 10 and n is an integer

                                                              By: Sir Baqir

Standard Form or Scientific Notation

Many measurements involve very large numbers

 Example:  speed of light is 300000000 m/s.

This figures can easily b written as:

3.0 x 10⁸  (Correct to 2 significant figures)

This way of writing a numbers is called standard form or scientific notation.

Another example can be the wavelength of violet light which is 0.000038cm.

It can be written as:

3.8 x 10^-5 (Correct to 2 significant figure)

So a general rule for all figure in written in standard form or scientific notation is:

     A x 10ⁿ , Where 1≤ A ≤ 10 and n is an integer

                                                              By: Sir Baqir

Important Formulas related to a Circle

      

    Area of circle = πr²

    

    Perimeter of circle = circumference = 2 πr

      Area of ring = πR² – πr²

      Length of arc = x⁰/ 360 × 2 πr

      Area of sector = x⁰/ 360 × πr²

      Perimeter of sector = length of arc + 2 radius

      Area of segment = Area of sector – area of triangle

      1 revolution (in terms of angle) = 360⁰

      1 revaluation( as a distance) = circumference= 2 πr  

 

                                                      By: Sir Baqar Ali

Important points and formulae related to Percentage

      Increase = new value – original value

     Decrease = original value – new value

     Profit = selling price – cost price

     Loss = cost price – selling price

     Discount = marked price – sale price

                                                                 By: Sir Baqar Ali

             

ICS Statistics part 1 chapter 1 Definitions (page 1)

 INTRODUCTION TO THE STATISTICS

History of the statistics:

                        Statistics is a very old word. It is from the English language. The word Statistics comes from three different languages,

                                                Latin Word                 Status

                                                Italian Word                Statista

                                                German Word             Statistik

All these words mean “The political state”. In early ages the word statistics means “The information useful to the state”.

Observation:

                        In Statistics observations are the recordings of information in numerical form. For example height of students, height of plants, weight of students etc

Data:

                        Collection of facts and figures is called data.

Population or Statistical Population:

                        Population is defined as “ The collection of all individuals which posses some common characteristics. For example height of students, Number of children, Number of fans, etc. The size of population is denoted by “ N ”.

Sample:

                        Any part of the population is called sample. On the basis of sample study we draw conclusions about the population. The size of sample is denoted by “ n ”.

Parameter:

                        Any quantity computed from the population is called parameter. Parameters are constants and usually unknown. For example populations mean µ, population variance σ²

 are the parameters.

Statistic:

                        Any quantity computed from the sample is called statistic. Statistic is variable because it varies from sample to sample. For example sample mean , sample variance S².

Branches of Statistics:

                        Statistics may be divided into to two branches:

1.                  Descriptive Statistics

2.            Inferential Statistics 

                                                                                                               By: Sir Baqar Ali